Retinal edema is a condition characterized by the swelling of the retina, the light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye. This swelling occurs when fluid accumulates in the retinal layers, often due to conditions like diabetes or hypertension. Symptoms may include blurred vision or distorted images, as the swelling affects how light is processed. The condition can be diagnosed through a comprehensive eye examination, including optical coherence tomography (OCT) to visualize the retina. Treatment options vary depending on the underlying cause and may include medications, laser therapy, or injections to reduce fluid buildup and improve vision.