Resting potential refers to the electrical charge difference across the membrane of a neuron when it is not actively transmitting a signal. This state is typically around -70 millivolts, meaning the inside of the neuron is more negatively charged compared to the outside. This difference is maintained by ion channels and sodium-potassium pumps, which regulate the movement of sodium and potassium ions. During resting potential, potassium ions are more concentrated inside the neuron, while sodium ions are more concentrated outside. The selective permeability of the neuron's membrane allows potassium ions to flow out more easily than sodium ions can flow in, contributing to the negative charge inside. This stable state is crucial for the neuron to be ready for action when it receives a signal.