The "Responsibility to Protect" (R2P) is a global commitment established by the United Nations to prevent mass atrocities, such as genocide, war crimes, ethnic cleansing, and crimes against humanity. It emphasizes that states have the primary responsibility to protect their populations from these serious threats. If a state fails to do so, the international community has a duty to intervene, using diplomatic, humanitarian, or, as a last resort, military means. R2P was endorsed at the 2005 World Summit and is based on three pillars: the responsibility of the state to protect its citizens, the international community's duty to assist states in fulfilling this responsibility, and the obligation to take collective action when a state is unable or unwilling to protect its population.