Research instruments are tools or methods used by researchers to collect data and gather information for their studies. These instruments can include surveys, questionnaires, interviews, and observation checklists. They help ensure that the data collected is reliable and valid, allowing researchers to draw meaningful conclusions from their findings. Different types of research instruments are chosen based on the goals of the study and the nature of the data needed. For example, quantitative research often uses structured surveys, while qualitative research may rely on open-ended interviews. Selecting the right instrument is crucial for effective data collection and analysis.