The Republic of Biafra was a short-lived independent state in southeastern Nigeria that existed from 1967 to 1970. It was declared by the Igbo people, who sought autonomy due to ethnic tensions and political instability in Nigeria. The declaration led to the Nigerian Civil War, also known as the Biafran War, which resulted in significant loss of life and widespread suffering. The conflict ended in January 1970 when Biafra surrendered to Nigeria. The war highlighted issues of ethnic identity, governance, and resource control in Nigeria. Today, discussions about Biafra continue, with some groups advocating for renewed independence or greater autonomy within Nigeria.