Renaissance philosophy emerged during the 14th to 17th centuries, marking a revival of interest in classical Greek and Roman thought. It emphasized humanism, focusing on human potential and achievements rather than solely on religious themes. Thinkers like Pico della Mirandola and Erasmus sought to reconcile classical ideas with contemporary beliefs, promoting education and critical thinking. This period also saw the rise of individualism and secularism, challenging the dominance of the Church in intellectual life. Philosophers such as Machiavelli explored political theory, while others like Descartes laid the groundwork for modern philosophy. The Renaissance ultimately fostered a spirit of inquiry that shaped Western thought.