Erasmus was a Dutch philosopher and theologian born in 1466, known for his contributions to the Renaissance humanism movement. He emphasized the importance of education, critical thinking, and the study of classical texts. His works, such as "In Praise of Folly," critiqued the Church and society, advocating for reform and a return to the original teachings of Christianity. Erasmus traveled extensively across Europe, engaging with other scholars and influencing many thinkers of his time. He promoted the idea of a more personal and direct relationship with God, which laid the groundwork for the Protestant Reformation. His legacy continues to impact education and religious thought today.