Relative addressing is a method used in computer programming and assembly language to specify the location of data or instructions. Instead of using an absolute memory address, it refers to a location based on a current position, often using a base address and an offset. This allows for more flexible code, as the same instruction can work regardless of where it is loaded in memory. This technique is particularly useful in situations like looping and branching, where the program may need to jump to different parts of the code. By using relative addressing, programs can be more easily relocated in memory without needing to change the actual code, enhancing efficiency and portability.