Direct addressing is a method used in computer memory management where each memory location has a unique address. This allows the CPU to access data directly by specifying the address in instructions. It simplifies the process of retrieving information, as the exact location of the data is known. In programming, direct addressing can also refer to calling out a specific variable or function by name. For example, when a programmer uses a variable like x in their code, they are directly addressing that variable to manipulate or retrieve its value. This approach enhances clarity and efficiency in coding.