"Refractory" refers to materials that are resistant to heat and can withstand high temperatures without melting or deforming. These materials are commonly used in industries such as metalworking, ceramics, and glassmaking, where extreme heat is involved. Examples of refractory materials include fireclay, silica, and alumina. In a medical context, "refractory" describes conditions that do not respond to standard treatments. For instance, refractory epilepsy refers to seizures that persist despite the use of multiple medications. This term highlights the challenges faced in managing certain health issues, requiring alternative approaches or therapies.