Refractory epilepsy, also known as drug-resistant epilepsy, is a type of epilepsy where seizures do not respond to standard treatments, including medications. Patients with this condition often experience frequent and unpredictable seizures, which can significantly impact their daily lives and overall well-being. This condition affects about one-third of people with epilepsy, making it a significant challenge for both patients and healthcare providers. Treatment options for refractory epilepsy may include alternative medications, dietary therapies like the ketogenic diet, or surgical interventions to control seizures more effectively.