Refining techniques are methods used to improve the quality and purity of materials, particularly in industries like metallurgy and oil processing. These techniques often involve separating impurities from the desired product, ensuring that the final output meets specific standards. Common refining processes include distillation, filtration, and crystallization. In the context of metallurgy, refining techniques can involve processes such as smelting and electrolysis to extract metals from ores. In the oil industry, refining techniques like fractional distillation are used to separate crude oil into various useful products, including gasoline and diesel.