Referendums are a form of direct democracy where citizens vote on specific issues or policies, rather than electing representatives to make those decisions. This process allows the electorate to have a direct say in important matters, such as constitutional amendments or significant legislative changes, often leading to heightened public engagement in political affairs. The outcome of a referendum can significantly impact governance and policy direction. For instance, the Brexit referendum in the United Kingdom in 2016 allowed citizens to decide whether to remain in the European Union or leave, showcasing the power of referendums in shaping national identity and policy.