Real-time systems are computer systems that must respond to inputs or events within a strict time frame. These systems are crucial in applications where timing is critical, such as in automotive safety systems, medical devices, and industrial automation. They ensure that tasks are completed within specified deadlines to maintain functionality and safety. There are two main types of real-time systems: hard real-time systems and soft real-time systems. Hard real-time systems require guaranteed responses within a strict deadline, while soft real-time systems allow for some flexibility in timing. Both types are essential in various fields, including telecommunications and robotics.