Real gas refers to gases that do not behave ideally under certain conditions, particularly at high pressures and low temperatures. Unlike ideal gases, which follow the Ideal Gas Law perfectly, real gases experience interactions between molecules and occupy space, leading to deviations from expected behavior. These deviations can be explained using the Van der Waals equation, which accounts for the volume occupied by gas molecules and the attractive forces between them. Understanding real gas behavior is crucial in fields like chemistry and engineering, where accurate predictions of gas properties are necessary for various applications, including thermodynamics and chemical reactions.