Railway standards are guidelines and specifications that ensure the safety, efficiency, and interoperability of railway systems. These standards cover various aspects, including track design, signaling systems, and rolling stock specifications. They are essential for maintaining consistent quality and performance across different railway networks. Organizations like the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and the International Union of Railways (UIC) develop these standards. By adhering to established railway standards, countries can improve their rail infrastructure, enhance passenger safety, and facilitate international rail transport, making it easier for trains to operate across borders.