Railway electrification is the process of powering trains using electricity instead of diesel or steam. This is achieved by installing overhead wires or electrified tracks that supply electrical energy to the trains. Electrified trains are generally more efficient, produce less pollution, and can travel faster than their non-electrified counterparts. The benefits of railway electrification include reduced operational costs and lower greenhouse gas emissions. Many countries, including Germany and Japan, have invested in electrified rail systems to enhance public transportation and promote sustainable travel. As a result, electrification is becoming increasingly important in modern rail networks worldwide.