The RTP Control Protocol (RTCP) is a network protocol used in conjunction with the Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP). It provides feedback on the quality of service in streaming media applications, such as video conferencing and online gaming. RTCP helps monitor transmission statistics, including packet loss and delay, allowing for adjustments to improve performance. RTCP operates alongside RTP, sending periodic control messages to participants in a session. These messages contain information about the sender's and receiver's performance, enabling better synchronization and quality management. By using RTCP, developers can enhance user experience in real-time communication applications.