RNA, or ribonucleic acid, is a vital molecule in all living cells, composed of four main components: adenine, cytosine, guanine, and uracil. These components are known as nucleotides, which are the building blocks of RNA. Each nucleotide consists of a sugar molecule, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base. The sequence of these nucleotides encodes genetic information and plays a crucial role in protein synthesis. There are several types of RNA, including messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). mRNA carries genetic information from DNA to the ribosomes, where proteins are synthesized. tRNA helps translate the mRNA sequence into amino acids, while rRNA forms the core of ribosome structure and function. Together, these RNA components are essential for translating genetic information into functional proteins.