Transfer RNA (tRNA) is a type of RNA molecule that plays a crucial role in the process of protein synthesis. It acts as an adapter, bringing the appropriate amino acids to the ribosome, where proteins are assembled. Each tRNA molecule is specific to one amino acid and has a unique three-nucleotide sequence called an anticodon that pairs with the corresponding codon on the messenger RNA (mRNA). During translation, the tRNA recognizes the codon on the mRNA and binds to it, ensuring that the correct amino acid is added to the growing polypeptide chain. This process is essential for the accurate formation of proteins, which are vital for various cellular functions and overall organismal health.