Quercus ilex, commonly known as the holm oak, is an evergreen tree native to the Mediterranean region. It typically grows to a height of 15 to 25 meters and features thick, leathery leaves that are dark green on the upper side and lighter underneath. The tree is well-adapted to dry conditions and can thrive in poor soils. The holm oak produces acorns, which are an important food source for various wildlife, including birds and mammals. It is often used in landscaping and reforestation projects due to its resilience and ability to provide shade. Additionally, Quercus ilex plays a significant role in Mediterranean ecosystems.