Queen Maria I of Portugal was the first woman to rule as queen regnant of Portugal, reigning from 1777 until her death in 1816. Born on December 17, 1734, she was the daughter of King Joseph I of Portugal and Queen Mariana Victoria of Spain. Maria I's reign was marked by significant political and social changes, including the influence of the Enlightenment and the challenges posed by the Napoleonic Wars. Maria I was known for her piety and dedication to her country, but her reign was also affected by her mental health struggles, which led to periods of instability. Despite these challenges, she implemented various reforms and supported the arts and education. Her legacy includes the promotion of Portuguese culture and the establishment of a more centralized government.