Quaternary ammonium salts, often referred to as quats, are a class of chemical compounds that consist of a nitrogen atom bonded to four organic groups. They are commonly used as disinfectants, surfactants, and preservatives due to their antimicrobial properties. These compounds are effective against a wide range of bacteria, viruses, and fungi, making them valuable in various industries, including healthcare and cleaning products. In addition to their antimicrobial uses, quaternary ammonium salts are also employed in personal care products, such as hair conditioners and skin lotions, where they help improve texture and stability. Their ability to reduce surface tension makes them useful in formulations for textiles and paints as well.