The term "Qing" refers to the last imperial dynasty of China, which ruled from 1644 to 1912. Founded by the Manchu people, the Qing dynasty expanded China's territory significantly and is known for its rich cultural achievements, including advancements in art, literature, and philosophy. The dynasty's rule saw the flourishing of the Silk Road trade and the establishment of strong connections with other countries. During the Qing dynasty, the population of China grew rapidly, leading to both prosperity and challenges. The dynasty faced internal strife, such as the Taiping Rebellion, and external pressures from foreign powers. Ultimately, the Qing dynasty ended with the Xinhai Revolution, paving the way for the establishment of the Republic of China.