The term "Qatabanians" refers to the people of the ancient region of Qataban, located in present-day Yemen. This civilization thrived from around the 4th century BCE to the 3rd century CE and was known for its rich culture, trade, and agriculture. The Qatabanians were skilled in producing frankincense and other valuable goods, which they traded with neighboring regions. Qatabanians spoke a Semitic language and used a unique script for writing. Their society was organized into city-states, with Ma'rib being one of the most prominent centers. The Qatabanians contributed significantly to the history and development of the Arabian Peninsula through their trade networks and cultural exchanges.