Python testing frameworks are tools that help developers ensure their code works correctly by automating the testing process. They provide a structured way to write and run tests, making it easier to identify bugs and verify that changes do not break existing functionality. Popular frameworks include unittest, pytest, and doctest. These frameworks offer various features such as test discovery, fixtures, and assertions, which simplify the testing process. By using a testing framework, developers can maintain high code quality and improve collaboration within teams, as tests can be easily shared and executed across different environments.