Unit Testing is a software testing technique where individual components or functions of a program are tested in isolation. The primary goal is to validate that each unit of the software performs as expected, ensuring that bugs are caught early in the development process. This practice helps developers maintain code quality and facilitates easier debugging. By using frameworks like JUnit for Java or pytest for Python, developers can automate the testing process, making it more efficient. Unit Testing not only improves code reliability but also encourages better design practices, as it requires developers to think critically about the functionality of their code.