Test automation is the process of using software tools to execute tests on applications automatically, rather than manually. This approach helps to improve the efficiency and accuracy of testing by allowing repetitive tasks to be performed quickly and consistently. Automated tests can cover various aspects of software, including functionality, performance, and security, ensuring that the application meets its requirements. By implementing test automation, organizations can reduce the time and resources needed for testing, enabling faster software releases. Tools like Selenium, JUnit, and TestNG are commonly used in test automation to create, manage, and execute test cases, making it easier to identify and fix issues early in the development process.