Pyrolysis is a thermal decomposition process that occurs in the absence of oxygen. It involves heating organic materials, such as biomass or plastics, to high temperatures, typically between 300°C and 900°C. This process breaks down complex molecules into simpler compounds, resulting in the production of gases, liquids, and solid residues like char. The products of pyrolysis can be used for various applications. The gases can be converted into energy, while the liquids, known as bio-oil, can be refined into fuels or chemicals. The solid char can serve as a soil amendment or be used in industrial processes, making pyrolysis a valuable method for waste management and resource recovery.