Putrefaction is the process of decomposition that occurs in organic matter, particularly after death. During this stage, bacteria and other microorganisms break down tissues, leading to the release of gases and foul odors. This natural process is essential for recycling nutrients back into the ecosystem, allowing for new life to flourish. As the body decomposes, it goes through various stages, including autolysis, where cells break down, and putrefactive bacteria that thrive in the absence of oxygen. Factors like temperature and moisture can influence the speed of putrefaction, making it a critical aspect of forensic science in determining the time of death.