Putrefactive bacteria are microorganisms that break down organic matter, particularly dead plants and animals. They play a crucial role in the process of decomposition, helping to recycle nutrients back into the ecosystem. These bacteria thrive in environments where oxygen is limited, such as in decaying organic material. These bacteria produce various byproducts, including gases and foul-smelling compounds, which contribute to the characteristic odor of rotting matter. Common examples of putrefactive bacteria include species from the genera Clostridium and Bacteroides. Understanding these bacteria is important for fields like microbiology and environmental science.