Puerto Rican art history reflects a blend of indigenous, African, and European influences. The Taino people, the island's original inhabitants, created pottery and carvings, while Spanish colonization introduced European styles and techniques. In the 19th century, artists like José Campeche began to gain recognition, focusing on portraiture and religious themes. In the 20th century, Puerto Rican art evolved with movements such as Surrealism and Modernism. Artists like Rafael Tufiño and Francisco Oller explored cultural identity and social issues. Today, contemporary artists continue to express Puerto Rican heritage through various mediums, contributing to a vibrant and dynamic art scene.