Proteomics is the large-scale study of proteins, which are essential molecules that perform a variety of functions in living organisms. By analyzing the structure and function of proteins, scientists can gain insights into how cells operate and how diseases develop. This field helps researchers understand the complex interactions between proteins and their roles in biological processes. Through techniques like mass spectrometry and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, proteomics allows for the identification and quantification of proteins in different samples. This information is crucial for areas such as drug development, personalized medicine, and biomarker discovery, ultimately leading to advancements in healthcare and treatment strategies.