Protein purification is the process of isolating a specific protein from a complex mixture, such as a cell extract. This is essential for studying the protein's structure, function, and interactions. Techniques used in protein purification include centrifugation, chromatography, and electrophoresis, which help separate proteins based on size, charge, or affinity. The goal of protein purification is to obtain a high level of purity and yield of the target protein. This allows researchers to conduct experiments and analyses, such as enzyme assays or structural studies, to better understand the protein's role in biological processes and its potential applications in medicine and biotechnology.