Proletarian literature refers to works created by or for the working class, often highlighting their struggles, experiences, and aspirations. This genre emerged in the early 20th century, particularly during the rise of socialist and communist movements. Writers aimed to give voice to the proletariat, emphasizing themes of class struggle, social justice, and the need for political change. Key figures in proletarian literature include authors like John Steinbeck and Maxim Gorky, who depicted the harsh realities of working-class life. The movement sought to inspire solidarity among workers and promote awareness of their conditions, ultimately advocating for a more equitable society.