Probability sampling is a method used in research to select a sample from a larger population in a way that each member has a known chance of being chosen. This approach helps ensure that the sample accurately represents the population, reducing bias and increasing the reliability of the results. Common techniques include simple random sampling, stratified sampling, and cluster sampling. By using probability sampling, researchers can make valid inferences about the entire population based on the sample data. This method is essential in fields like statistics, social sciences, and market research, where understanding trends and behaviors is crucial for decision-making.