Preservative chemicals are substances added to products, especially food and cosmetics, to prevent spoilage and extend shelf life. They work by inhibiting the growth of bacteria, molds, and yeasts, which can cause food to rot or become unsafe to consume. Common examples include sodium benzoate and sorbic acid. These chemicals can be natural or synthetic. Natural preservatives, like vitamin E and rosemary extract, are derived from plants, while synthetic options are chemically manufactured. While preservatives help maintain product quality, some consumers prefer to avoid them due to health concerns, leading to a rise in demand for organic and preservative-free products.