Prehistory refers to the time before written records existed, covering the vast span of human history from the emergence of our species, Homo sapiens, around 300,000 years ago until the invention of writing about 5,000 years ago. During this period, early humans lived as hunter-gatherers, relying on their environment for food and shelter. They created tools from stone, wood, and bone, which helped them survive and adapt to different climates. As societies evolved, prehistoric people began to form communities and develop agriculture, leading to the rise of Neolithic cultures. This transition allowed for the establishment of permanent settlements, which eventually paved the way for the development of civilizations and the rich tapestry of human history that followed.