The term "Pre-Columbian Americas" refers to the history and cultures of the Americas before the arrival of European explorers, particularly Christopher Columbus in 1492. This period includes a diverse range of societies, from the complex civilizations of the Aztecs and the Incas in Mesoamerica and South America to the various indigenous tribes in North America. These societies developed unique languages, religions, and agricultural practices. They built impressive structures, such as Machu Picchu and the pyramids of Teotihuacan, and engaged in trade across vast distances. The rich cultural heritage of the Pre-Columbian Americas laid the foundation for the diverse cultures that exist today.