Portuguese colonization began in the 15th century as Portugal sought new trade routes and territories. The Age of Discovery led explorers like Vasco da Gama to establish sea routes to India and Africa. Portugal claimed various territories, including Brazil, which became its largest colony. The Portuguese established trade posts and settlements, focusing on the spice trade and sugar plantations. They interacted with indigenous populations, often leading to cultural exchanges and conflicts. By the 17th century, Portugal's colonial empire spanned several continents, influencing global trade and culture significantly.