Portuguese cinema has a rich history that dates back to the late 19th century, with its first films emerging shortly after the invention of motion pictures. The industry gained international recognition in the 1960s and 1970s, particularly with the Cinema Novo movement, which focused on social issues and artistic expression. Notable directors like Manoel de Oliveira and Pedro Costa have contributed significantly to its development. In recent years, Portuguese cinema has continued to evolve, producing a variety of genres and styles. Films often explore themes of identity, history, and culture, reflecting the country's unique heritage. Festivals such as the Lisbon & Estoril Film Festival showcase both local and international talent, promoting the growth of the industry.