The Porto Velho Railway, also known as the Madeira-Mamoré Railway, is a historic railway in Brazil that connects the cities of Porto Velho in the state of Rondônia and Guajará-Mirim. Constructed between 1907 and 1912, it was built to facilitate the transportation of rubber from the Amazon rainforest to the markets in the south of Brazil. The railway spans approximately 366 kilometers and features challenging terrain, including rivers and dense forests. The construction of the Porto Velho Railway was a significant engineering feat, involving thousands of workers, many of whom faced harsh conditions. Although the railway was initially successful, it struggled with maintenance and competition from road transport. Today, it serves as a historical landmark, reflecting the economic and social changes in the region during the rubber boom era.