Population statistics are numerical data that describe the characteristics of a population, such as size, distribution, and demographics. These statistics help researchers and policymakers understand trends in population growth, age distribution, and migration patterns. Common metrics include total population, birth and death rates, and life expectancy. Governments and organizations often collect population statistics through surveys and censuses, such as the U.S. Census Bureau in the United States. This information is crucial for planning public services, allocating resources, and addressing social issues, as it provides insights into the needs of different communities and regions.