The U.S. Census Bureau is a government agency responsible for collecting and analyzing data about the population of the United States. It conducts a nationwide survey every ten years, known as the Census, which counts every person living in the country. This information helps determine how federal funds are distributed and how many representatives each state has in Congress. In addition to the decennial census, the Census Bureau conducts various surveys and programs throughout the year, such as the American Community Survey. These efforts provide valuable insights into demographics, housing, and economic conditions, helping policymakers, businesses, and researchers make informed decisions.