Population genomics is the study of genetic variation within and between populations of organisms. It combines principles from genetics, ecology, and evolutionary biology to understand how genetic diversity is distributed across different groups. This field often uses high-throughput sequencing technologies to analyze the genomes of many individuals, providing insights into evolutionary processes and adaptation. Researchers in population genomics examine factors such as natural selection, genetic drift, and gene flow to understand how populations evolve over time. By analyzing large datasets, scientists can identify genetic markers associated with traits, track population history, and assess the impact of environmental changes on genetic diversity.