Pope Innocent X, born Giovanni Battista Pamphilj in 1574, served as the 226th pope from 1644 until his death in 1655. He is known for his strong opposition to the Jansenism movement and for his efforts to maintain the authority of the Catholic Church during a time of political and religious turmoil in Europe. Innocent X is also remembered for his patronage of the arts, commissioning works from notable artists like Diego Velázquez. His papacy was marked by the Thirty Years' War and the challenges of managing the complex relationships between various European powers.