Pope Alexander VIII, born Pietro Marco Giovanni Battista Chigi, served as the head of the Roman Catholic Church from 1689 until his death in 1691. He was elected pope during a time of political and religious turmoil in Europe, following the reign of Pope Innocent XI. His papacy focused on maintaining peace and stability within the church and addressing issues related to the Jansenist controversy. During his short papacy, Alexander VIII worked to strengthen the church's influence and resolve conflicts between various factions. He also supported the arts and education, continuing the tradition of his predecessors. His efforts laid the groundwork for future popes in navigating the complex landscape of 17th-century Europe.