The Polovtsians, also known as the Cumans, were a nomadic Turkic people who inhabited the steppes of Eastern Europe and Central Asia during the medieval period. They were known for their horse-riding skills and played a significant role in the history of the Kievan Rus and surrounding regions. The Polovtsians often engaged in trade and warfare with neighboring states, influencing the political landscape of the time. In the 11th and 12th centuries, the Polovtsians frequently clashed with the Rus' principalities and formed alliances with various factions. Their culture was characterized by a rich oral tradition, and they are often depicted in historical accounts and epic poetry, such as the Primary Chronicle. The decline of the Polovtsians began in the late 13th century due to the Mongol invasions.