Political Realism is a theory in international relations that emphasizes the competitive and conflictual nature of politics. It suggests that states act primarily in their own self-interest, prioritizing power and security over moral or ideological considerations. Political realists believe that the international system is anarchic, meaning there is no overarching authority to enforce rules, leading to a focus on survival and national interests. Key figures in political realism include Hans Morgenthau and Niccolò Machiavelli, who argued that human nature is inherently self-interested. This perspective often critiques idealism, which promotes cooperation and moral values in international relations, asserting that such ideals are often unrealistic in practice.