Political institutions are the structures and mechanisms that govern a society, shaping how power is distributed and exercised. They include entities like parliaments, courts, and executive offices, which work together to create and enforce laws, manage public resources, and represent citizens' interests. These institutions play a crucial role in maintaining order and stability within a state. They also influence political behavior and public policy, ensuring that the government remains accountable to the people. Understanding political institutions is essential for grasping how societies function and evolve over time.